第65章 奋斗改变人生(15)

作者:舒启全

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类型:文艺·名著

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更新时间:2019-10-06 14:13

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本章字节:20958字

羊祜闻陆抗罢兵,孙皓失德,见吴有可乘之机,乃作表遣人往洛阳请伐吴……司马炎观表,大喜,便令兴师。——贾充、荀罥、冯罥三人,力言不可,炎因此不行。祜闻上不允其请,叹曰:‘天下不如意事,十常八九。今天与不取,岂不大可惜哉!’至咸宁四年,羊祜入朝,奏辞归乡养病。炎问曰:‘卿有何安邦之策,以教寡人?’祜曰:‘孙皓暴虐已甚,于今可不战而克。若皓不幸而殁,更立贤君,则吴非陛下所能得也。’炎大悟曰:‘卿今便提兵往伐,若何?’祜曰:‘臣年老多病,不堪当此任。陛下另选智勇之士,可也。’


遂辞炎而归。是年十一月,羊祜病危,司马炎车驾亲临其家问安。炎至卧榻前,祜下泪曰:


‘臣万死不能报陛下也!’炎亦泣曰:‘朕深恨不能用卿伐吴之策。——今日谁可继卿之志?’祜含泪而言曰:‘臣死矣,不敢不尽愚诚:右将军杜预可任;若伐吴,须当用之。’


炎曰:‘举善荐贤,乃美事也;卿何荐人于朝,即自焚奏稿,不令人知耶?’祜曰:‘拜官公朝,谢恩私门,臣所不取也。’言讫而亡。炎大哭回宫,敕赠太傅、巨平侯……晋主以羊祜之言,拜杜预为镇南大将军都督荆州事……此时吴国丁奉、陆抗皆死,吴主皓每宴群臣,皆令沉醉;又置黄门郎十人为纠弹官。宴罢之后,各奏过失,有犯者或剥其面,或凿其眼。


由是国人大惧。晋益州刺史王罥上疏请伐吴……晋主览疏,遂与群臣议曰:‘王公之论,与羊都督暗合。朕意决矣。’……命镇南大将军杜预为大都督,引兵十万出江陵;镇东大将军琅琊王司马罥出涂中……杜预军威大振,遂大会诸将,共议取建业之策……孙皓闻晋兵已入城,欲自刎。中书令胡冲、光禄勋薛莹奏曰:‘陛下何不效安乐公刘禅乎?’皓从之,亦舆榇自缚,率诸文武,诣王浚军前投降……自此三国归于晋帝司马炎,为一统之基矣。此所谓‘天下大势,合久必分,分久必合’者也。后来后汉皇帝刘禅亡于晋泰始七年,魏主曹奂亡于太安元年,吴主孙皓亡于太康四年,皆善终。”(第一二○回)


yanghuhadkepinformedofsunhao’slossofvirueaferheremovaloflukangrealizinghaheimeoaackhesouhndhadcome,hepeiionedhecourinluoyangoauhorizeheinvasion


delighedwihyanghu’smemorial,simayanorderedhisforcesomobilizebujiachong,xunxu,andfengdanobjecedsrenuouslyandsucceededinpreveningheinvasionwhenyanghulearnedhispeiionhadbeendenied,hesighedandsaid,‘howrarelyhingsgoone’swayinhisworld!aheavensenopporuniywillpassunakenwhacouldbemoremenable?’inhefourhyearofxianning,‘universalranquiliy’(ad278),yanghuwenocourandbeggedpermissionoreireohishomevilgeoresorehishealhsimayanaskedhim,‘haveyouanyrecommendaionforhesecuriyofourkingdom?’yanghuanswered,‘sunhao’syra


yhasreachedheexremeofviolenceandcruely


hecanbeconqueredwihouabalebuifsunhaoshouldpassfromhesceneandacapablesovereigncomeohehrone,yourmajesymayfindhesouhnddifficuloconquer’simayan,inspiredbyhesewords,asked,‘wouldyoubewillingoleadheinvasionnow?’‘myyearsaremanyandmyhealhispoor,’yanghuanswered‘idoubicouldunderakehemissionbuifyourmajesycouldfindsomeoneelse—someshrewd,boldwarrior—icouldbedone’sosaying,yanghuookleaveofsimayanandreurnedohishomevilgeinheelevenhmonhofhayearyanghu’scondiionworsened,andsimayanmadeapersonalvisiohishomeoexpresshisconcernashecamenearhesickbed,yanghusaidearfully,‘enhousanddeahscouldnorepayallioweyourmajesy’simayancriedo‘howsorelyweregreourfailureoadopyourpnoinvadewu,’hesaid,‘forwhoodaycanbringyourpurposeofulfillmen?’chokingbackhisears,yanghureplied,‘asdeahapproaches,imusfulfillmyhumblefealyduyu,generalofherigh,isheooenruswihheaskheishemanoleadheaackonwu’simayanresponded,‘recommendingheworhyandableissomehingobeproudofwhydidyouburnyourmemorialsofrecommendaionandprevenanyonefromlearningofhem?’yanghusaid,‘orecommendsomeoneinopencoursohaerhecouldshowhisgraiudeomeprivaelywassomehingichoseoavoid’andwihhosewordsyanghupassedawaysimayanloudlymenedyanghu’sdeahallhewaybackohispacehereheissuedanorderposhumouslynamingyanghuimperialguardianandlordofjupingonyanghu’srecommendaion,herulerofjinhonoredduyuaschiefcommander,quellerofhesouh,wihauhoriyoverjingzhouprovincebyhisimebohdingfengandlukangofhesouhndhaddiedwheneverherulerofwu,sunhao,feasedhisvassals,hewouldorderhemogehemselvesdrunkhehadalsogivenenofficersofhei


erbureauhepoweroimpeachofficialsaferhebanqueshesei


erbureaueunuchswouldpresencasesagainsvariousoffendersohehrohosefoundguilywerepunishedbyhavingheskinpeeledfromheirfacesorheireyesgougedouhissruckerrorinohehearsofhepeoplewangjun,imperialinspecorforyizhouunderjin,peiionedforaninvasionofhesouhndherulerofjinperusedhememorialandconsuledwihhisofficials‘wangjun’sviewscoincidewihwhayanghuonceproposed,’hesaid‘wearehereforeresolved’heorderedchiefcommanderduyu,quellerofhesouh,oassumeheposiionoffirsfieldmarshalandleadaforceofonehundredhousandagainsjiangling;supremecommandersimazhou,princeofngyeandquellerofheeas,ogoforhagainsuzhongwhensunhaoheardhajinroopshadeneredheciyofsones,hepreparedocuhishroahisprivaesecreary,huzhong,andhedirecorofhepaceofficials,xuerong,peiioned,‘perhapsyourmajesyshouldfollowmodelsebyliushan,nowlordofanle’sunhaoapprovedhesuggesionaccompaniedbyacoffin,hishandsiedbehindhim,sunhaoledhiscivindmiliaryofficialsinohepresenceofwangjun,andherebeforehearmyheenderedhisallegianceinsurrenderhereafer,hehreekingdomscameunderheruleofhejinemperor,simayan,whoidhefoundaionforauniedrealm,herebyfulfillinghesaying,‘heempire,longunied,musdivide,andlongdivided,musunie’liushan,heillusriousemperorofheeasernhan,hadpassedawayinhesevenhyearofhejinreignperiodaishi,‘magnificenincepion’(ad271)caohuan,rulerofwei,passedawayinhefirsyearofaian,‘magnificenpeace”(ad302)sunhao,rulerofwu,passedawayinhefourhyearofaikang,‘magnificenprosperiy’(ad283)alldiednauraldeahs”(chaper120)


25 复习讨论题


25 quesionsforrevisionanddiscussion


(1)whydoesheauhorluoguanzhongdispyhisclearcuinclinaionoexolliubeianddisparagecaocao?


(2)为什么《三国演义》不仅值得一读而且在影响中国人为人处事的态度和言谈举止诸方面仍有生命力?


(2)whydoeshenovelheromanceofhehreekingdomsnoonlywellmeriareadingbualsoconinueohavevialiyinchineseaiudesandbehaviour?


(3)你如何看待罗贯中的人生?罗贯中是如何创作《三国演义》的?


(3)howdoyouhinkofluoguanzhong’slife?howdidluoguanzhongcomeocreaeheromanceofhehreekingdoms?


(4)你认为《三国演义》的主题是什么?为什么值得我们思考?


(4)whadoyouhinkarehehemesofheromanceofhehreekingdoms?whyareheyworhourwhileohinkover?


(5)《三国演义》在艺术上取得了哪些伟大的成就?


(5)whaarehegreaarisicexcellencesofheromanceofhehreekingdoms?


(6)论三国应用文化的研究。


(6)onhesudyofheappliedculureofhehreekingdoms


(7)你如何看待汉少帝的人生?


(7)howdoyouhinkofhanemperorshao’slife?


(8)你如何看待汉献帝的人生?从他的人生中吸取了什么教训?


(8)howdoyouhinkofhanemperorxian’slife?whalessonsareyougoingodrawfromhislife?


(9)你如何看待吕布的人生?为什么吕布只能称雄一时而终究没有安身之地或成就正义大业?


(9)howdoyouhinkoflubu’slife?whycanlubuonlyswaggerlikeaconqueringheroforaimebunohaveabaseofhisownoranycauseofjusiceaferall?


(10)为什么说曹操是我国历史上杰出的战略家?他是一位着名的政治家?


(10)whyisisaidhacaocaoisanousandingsraegisinchinesehisory?anoedsaesman?


(11)从文本中举例说明曹操作为一个成功的开创者所具有的良好品质。


(11)ciesomeexamplesoshowhacaocaohasgoodqualiiesasuccessfulfoundershouldhave


(12)你认为曹操是个篡位者还是个开创者?为什么?


(12)doyouhinkcaocaoisausurperorafounder?why?


(13)界定三国合法性的标准是什么?你对这标准如何看?为什么作者罗贯中否定魏继汉的合法性?(或者:论三国的合法性)


(13)whaarehecrieriafordefininglegiimacyofhehreekingdoms?howdoyouhinkofhecrieria?whydoesheauhorluoguanzhongdenyhelegiimacyofhewei’ssuccessionohan?(or:onhelegiimacyofhehreekingdoms)


(14)为什么曹操被称为“三绝”中的奸绝?为什么说曹操确实是“功首罪魁非两人,遗臭流芳本一身”?


(14)whyisisaidhacaocaoisheincomparablemachiavellianof“hehreeincomparables”?whyisisaidhacaocaoisreallyof“highmeriandgreaevil—fromasinglehand,fairhonorswihfoulescrimesconjoined”?


(15)曹丕是如何登上帝位的?你认为他合法吗?为什么?你如何看待曹丕的人生?


(15)howdoescaopiascendheimperialhrone?doyouhinkheislegiimae?why?howdoyouhinkofcaopi’slife?


(16)刘备“家贫,贩履织席为业”,如何能变成“蜀国的皇帝”呢?


(16)howcanliubei“whohadbeensopoorhahehadosellsandalsandweavemasolive”becomeheemperorofhekingdomofshu?


(17)你如何看待刘备的人生?你从刘备的人生中能吸取些什么经验教训?


(17)whadoyouhinkofliubei’slife?whaexperiencesandlessonscanyoulearnfromliubei’slife?


(18)为什么诸葛亮即使过着隐士生活时仍能密切掌握世上正在发生的情况?


(18)whycanzhugeliangsillhaveaninimaegraspofwhaisgoingoninheworldevenwhenheislivinghelifeofahermi?


(19)你认为诸葛亮“七擒七纵”孟获对不对?为什么?为什么诸葛亮要“六出祁山”?(或:论孔明六出祁山)


(19)doyouhinkwheheri’srighornohazhugelianghasmenghuo“sevenimescapured,sevenimesfreed”?why?whyhaskongmingunched“sixoffensivesagainshenorhfrommounqi”?(or:onkongming’s“sixoffensivesfrommounqi”)


(20)你要向孔明学些什么?


(20)whaareyougoingolearnfromkongming?


(21)你如何看关羽的人生?你打算学习关羽人生的什么经验教训?


(21)howdoyouhinkofguanyu’slife?whaexperiencesandlessonsareyougoingolearnfromguanyu’slife?


(22)你对张飞的人生有什么看法?你要向张飞的人生学些什么?


(22)whadoyouhinkofzhangfei’slife?whaareyougoingolearnfromzhangfei’slife?


(23)为什么孙权的属下愿意拼死为他效命?孙权有些什么好品质?你打算向孙权的人生学些什么?


(23)whywillsunquan’ssubordinaesriskheirlivesoservehim?whagoodqualiiesdoessunquanhave?whaareyougoingolearnfromsunquan’slife?


(24)为什么鲁肃不愧为伟大战略家的称号?为什么说他是“大智若愚”?


(24)whyislusureallyworhyofheileofgreasraegis?whyisisaidhaheisawisemanwihhelooksoffolly?


(25)为什么鲁肃不得不劝孙权借荆州给刘备?鲁肃对东吴作出了些什么贡献?


(25)whydoeslusuhaveoalksunquaninoallowingliubeioborrowjingzhou?whagreaconribuionshaslusumadeohesouhnd?


(26)为什么曹睿要把司马懿削职回乡?为什么司马懿被称为“大智若怯”?


(26)whydoescaoruisripsimayiofhisofficeandorderhimbackohisvilge?whyissimayicalled“hewisesmanwhosegreawisdomofenseemsimid”?


(27)你如何看待司马懿的人生?你打算从司马懿的人生学些什么?(或:论司马懿的人生)


(27)howdoyouhinkofsimayi’slife?whaareyougoingolearnfromsimayi’slife?(or:onsimayi’slife)


(28)司马炎是如何战胜东吴并统一国家的?你如何看待司马炎的人生?


(28)howhassimayanconqueredhesouhndandunifiedhecounry?howdoyouhinkofsimayan’slife?