?孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。

sunzusaid:hearofwarisofvialimporanceohesaeiisamaeroflifeanddeah,aroadeiherosafeyororuinhenceiisasubjecofinquirywhichcanonnoaccounbenegleced

故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。

hearofwar,hen,isgovernedbyfiveconsanfacors,obeakeninoaccouninone"sdeliberaions,whenseekingodeermihecondiionsobaininginhefield

heseare:(1)hemoralw;(2)heaven;(3)earh;(4)hecommander;(5)mehodanddiscipline

道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；

hemoralwcauseshepeopleobeincompleeaccordwihheirruler,sohaheywillfollowhimregardlessofheirlives,undismayedbyanydanger

天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；

heavensignifiesnighandday,coldandhea,imesandseasons

地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；

earhcomprisesdisances,greaandsmall;dangerandsecuriy;opengroundandnarrowpasses;hechancesoflifeanddeah

将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；

hecommandersandsforheviruesofwisdom,sincerely,benevolence,courageandsricness

法者，曲制、官道、主用也。

bymehodanddisciplineareobeundersoodhemarshalingofhearmyinispropersubdivisions,hegraduaionsofrankamongheofficers,hemainenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachhearmy,andheconrolofmiliaryexpendiure

凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。

hesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliaroeverygeneral:hewhoknowshemwillbevicorious;hewhoknowshemnowillfail

故校之以计，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？

herefore,inyourdeliberaions,whenseekingodeermihemiliarycondiions,lehembemadehebasisofacomparison,inhiswise:

将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。

(1)whichofhewosovereignsisimbuedwihhemoralw?(2)whichofhewogeneralshasmosabiliy?(3)wihwhomlieheadvanagesderivedfromheavenandearh?(4)onwhichsideisdisciplinemosrigorouslyenforced?(5)whicharmyissronger?(6)onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlyrained?(7)inwhicharmyisherehegreaerconsancybohinrewardandpunishmen?

bymeansofhesesevenconsideraionsicanforecasvicoryordefea

将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。

hegeneralhahearkensomycounselandacsuponi,willconquer:lesuchaonebereainedincommand!hegeneralhahearkensnoomycounselnoracsuponi,willsufferdefea:lesuchaonebedismissed!

计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。

whileheadingheprofiofmycounsel,availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumsancesoverandbeyondheordinaryrules

势者，因利而制权也。

accordingascircumsancesarefavorable,oneshouldmodifyone"spns

兵者，诡道也。

allwarfareisbasedondecepion

故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。

hence,whenableoaack,wemusseemunable;whenusingourforces,wemusseeminacive;whenwearenear,wemusmakeheenemybelievewearefaraway;whenfaraway,wemusmakehimbelievewearenear

利而诱之，乱而取之，

holdoubaisoeniceheenemyfeigndisorder,andcrushhim

实而备之，强而避之，

ifheissecureaallpoins,bepreparedforhimifheisinsuperiorsrengh,evadehim

怒而挠之，卑而骄之，

ifyouropponenisofcholericemper,seekoirriaehimpreendobeweak,hahemaygrowarrogan

佚而劳之，亲而离之，

ifheisakinghisease,givehimnoresifhisforcesareunied,separaehem

攻其无备，出其不意。

aackhimwhereheisunprepared,appearwhereyouarenoexpeced

此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

hesemiliarydevices,leadingovicory,musnobedivulgedbeforehand

夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！吾以此观之，胜负见矣。

nowhegeneralwhowinsabalemakesmanycalcuionsinhisemplewherehebaleisfoughhegeneralwholosesabalemakesbufewcalcuionsbeforehandhusdomanycalcuionsleadovicory,andfewcalcuionsodefea:howmuchmorenocalcuionaall!iisbyaenionohispoinhaicanforeseewhoislikelyowinorlose