第23章 出生是人生的起点(15)

作者:舒启全

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类型:文艺·名著

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更新时间:2019-10-06 14:13

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本章字节:28708字

贾雨村授了应天府,一到任就有件人命官司详至案下。他门子告诉他:“如今凡作地方官的都有一个私单,上面写的是本省最有权势极富贵的大乡绅名姓,各省皆然;倘若不知,一时触犯了这样的人家,不但官爵,只怕连性命也难保呢!所以叫做‘护官符’。”雨村从他门子那里得到一份手抄的“护官符”,并问他这官司如何剖断才好?门子笑道:“小的听见老爷补升此任,系贾府王府之力;此凶犯薛蟠即贾府之亲:老爷何不顺水行舟,做个人情,将此案了结,日后也好去见贾王二公。”雨村低了头,半日说道:“依你怎么着?”


门子道:“小人已想了个很好的主意在此:老爷明日坐堂,只管虚张声势,动文书,发签拿人——凶犯自然是拿不来的,原告固是不依,只用将薛家族人及奴仆人等拿几个来拷问,小的在暗中调停,令他们报个‘暴病身亡’,合族中及地方上共递一张保呈,老爷只说善能扶乩请仙,堂上设了乩坛,令军民人等只管来看,老爷便说:‘乩仙批了,死者冯渊与薛蟠原系夙孽,今狭路相遇,原因了结。今薛蟠已得了无名之病,被冯渊的魂魄追索而死。其祸皆由拐子而起,除将拐子按法处治外,余不累及……’等语。小人暗中嘱咐拐子,令其实招;众人见乩仙批语与拐子相符,自然不疑了。薛家有的是钱,老爷断一千也可,五百也可,与冯家作烧埋之费;那冯家也无甚要紧的人,不过为的是钱,有了银子,也就无话了。”二人计议已定。贾雨村便徇情枉法,胡乱判断了此案,冯家得了许多烧埋银子,也就无甚话说了。雨村便疾忙修书二封与贾政并京营节度使王子腾,不过说“令甥之事已完,不必过虑”


之言寄去。此事皆由葫芦庙内沙弥新门子所为,雨村又恐他对人说出当日贫贱时事来,因此心中大不乐意;后来到底寻了他一个不是,远远的充发了才罢。由此可见,贾雨村不仅是巴结权贵,徇私枉法,而且利欲熏心,奸诈狡猾。


nosoonerhadjiayucunakenuphisposasprefecofyingianhanachargeofmurderwasbroughohiscourhisaendanoldhim:“alllocalofficialsnowadayskeepasecrelisofhemospowerful,wealhyandhighrankingfamiliesinheirprovinceeachprovincehassuchalisbecauseifunknowinglyyouoffendoneofhesefamilies,youmaylosenoonlyyourposbuyourlifeaswellha’swhyi’scalledaproecivecharm”yucungoahandwriencopyofheofficials’proecivecharmfromhisaendanandaskedhim,“wha’shebeswayoselehiscase?”hisaendansaidwihasmile:“iheardhayourappoinmenwasdueohegoodofficesofhejiasandwangs,andhismurdererxuepanisreedohejiasbymarriagesowhynosailwihhesreamanddohemagoodurn,selinghiscaseinsuchawayhayoucanfaceheminfuure?”yuncunloweredhisheadaferalongsilenceheasked:“whadoyousugges?”“i’vehoughofagoodpn,”saidheaendan“whenyourhonourrieshecaseomorrow,makeagreashowofsendingouwrisandissuingwarransofcoursehemurdererwon’beforhcomingandhepiniffwillpresshiscase;henyoucanarressomeofxue’scnsmenandservansforinerrogaionbehindhescenesi’llfixhingssohaheyreporxuepan’s‘deahbysuddenillness,’andwe’llgehiscnandhelocalauhoriiesoesifyohishenyourhonourcancimobeableoconsulspirishroughhepncheehaveoneseupinhecourandinviebohmiliaryandciviliansocomeandwachyoucansay:hespiridecreshaxuepanandfengyuanwereenemiesinaformerexisencewhowerefaedocshinorderoselescores;ha,houndedbyfengyuan’sghos,xuepanhasperishedofsomemyseriousdisease;hasincehisroublewascausedbyhemanwhokidnappedhegirlwihsuchandsuchaname,hemusbedealwihaccordingohew,bunooneelseisinvolvedandsoonandsoforhi’llseeoihahekidnappermakesafullconfession,andwhenhespiri’smessageconfirmshis,peoplewillbeconvincedhexuesarerollinginmoneyyoucanmakehempayahousandorfivehundredaelsforfengyuan’sfuneralexpenseshisreivesareinsignificanpeople,andallhey’reouforismoney


sohesilverwillshuheirmouhs”heirconsulaionsedeinoheafernoonsoyucunwisedhewosuihisownpurposeandpassedarbiraryjudgmenhefengsreceivedargesumforfuneralexpensesandmadenofurherobjecionsoncehecasewasseledyuncunlosnoimeinwriingojiazhengandwangzieng,commanderinchiefofhemeropoliangarrison,oinformhemhahechargeagainsheirworhynephewwasdroppedandheyneednoworryabouianylongerallhiswasdueoheaendanwhohadbeenanoviceingourdemple,buyucun,dismayedbyhehoughhahismanmighdisclosecerainfacsabouhedayswhenhewaspoorandhumble,erfoundsomefaulwihhimandhadhimexiledoadisanregionhenceonecanseehajiayucunisnoonlyobsequiousohegrea,flouinghewforprivaeconsideraions,bualsorecklesswihgreed,veryreacherousanddeceiful


贾雨村媚上欺下,滥用职权。如贾赦不知在那个地方看见几把旧扇子,回家来,看家里所有收着的这些好扇子,都不中用了,立刻叫人各处搜求。恰巧石头呆子有二十把旧扇子,全是各种珍奇的竹子做成的,皆是古人写画真迹。但石呆子宁死不卖。谁知那雨村没天理的听见了,便设法子,讹他拖欠官银,拿他到了衙门里去,说:“所欠官银,变卖家产赔补。”把这扇子抄了来,做了官价,送到了贾府。


jiayucunfawnsuponhissuperiorsandinsulshisinferiorsheabuseshispowerandposiionaswell


forinsance,jiashehappenedoseeafewoldfanssomewhere,whichmadehimsodissaisfiedwihallhisbesfansahomehahesenmenouaonceosearchforbeeroneshesoneidiohadwenyoldfansasihappened,allmadeofrarevarieiesofbambooandhecalligraphyandpainingsonhemwerebygenuineoldmasersbuhesoneidiowouldsoonerdiehansellhemhenhabckhearedscoundreljiayucunheardabouiandhachedaschemehehadheidioakenohisyamenonachargeofowinghegovernmensomemoney,andorderedhedefaulobemadegoodbyhesaleofhisproperysohefanswereseized,paidforaheofficialpriceandbroughohejia’smansion


贾雨村总是忘恩负义。常见他在贾府来往,是贾府提拔起来的。现升了京兆府尹,兼管税务。前儿御史虽参了贾府,皇帝令他查明实迹再办。他本沾过两府的好处,怕人说他回护一家儿,他倒狠狠地踢了一脚,所以两府里才到底抄了。此外,他初任之时,胡乱判案,他大恩人甄士隐之可怜女儿甄英莲受到了连累,他竟包庇了凶犯薛蟠。他恩将仇报,是多么的阴险毒辣啊!


jiayucunisalwaysungraefulandacsconraryojusiceheisofenseencallingonhejiasmansions


heoweshispromoionohejiafamilyhehasnowbeenpromoedobeprefecofhecapialinchargeofaxaionaferhecensorsimpeachedhejiasheemperororderedhimoinvesigaebeforeanydecisionwasmadebecausehe’dbeenhelpedbybohmansions,forfearofbeingaccusedofshieldinghejiashegavehemaviciouskick—ha’swhyheywereraidedinaddiion,ahesarofhisofficialcareerhepassedarbiraryjudgemeninwhichpoorzhenyinglian,hisbenefacorzhenshiyin’sdaugher,wasinvolvedandxuepan,hecriminal,wasproecedhereurnskindnesswihharedhowsiniserandruhlessheis!


这位雨村老爷,人也能干,也会钻营,由知府推升转了御史,不过几年,升了吏部侍郎,兵部尚书。为着一件事降了三级。如今又升了。他官也不小了,只是贪财。被人参了个“婪索属员”的几款。旨意便叫拿问。他被枷锁解到三法司衙门里审问,审明定了罪。正是:


“昨怜破袄寒,今嫌紫蟒长”,“因嫌纱帽小,致使枷锁扛”。


hisjiayucunisanablegenlemanandcleverclimber,geinghimselfpromoedfromheposofaprefecohaofacensorandhen,inanoherfewyears,becomingviceminiserofcivilaffairsandminiserofwaraferha,forsomereason,hewasdemoedhreeranksnowhe’sclimbedupheofficialdderagainheholdsquieahighposbuisoograsping;soseveralchargesofexoringmoneyfromhissubordinaeshavebeenbroughagainshimheemperorhereforeissuedadecreeforhisarresandrial


hewaschainedandakenocourforrialhehasbeenfoundguilyofembezzlemenandcondemnedopunishmenruly:


“inraggedcoaoneshiveredyeserday,odayapurplerobehefrownsupon”


“resenmenaalowofficialrank,mayleadofeersandafelon’sshame”


今遇大赦,雨村递籍为民,叫家眷先行,自己带了一个小厮,一车行李,来到急流津觉迷渡口,只见一个道者,从那渡头草棚里出来,执手相迎。雨村认得是甄士隐,也连忙打恭。士隐道:“今日复得相逢,也是一桩奇事!这里离草庵不远,暂请膝谈,未知可否?”


雨村欣然领命。雨村便请教仙长超尘始末,士隐笑道:“一念之间,尘凡顿易。”雨村听着,却不明白,又问道:“敝族闺秀,如此之多,何元妃以下,算来结局俱属平常呢?”士隐叹道:“贵族之女,俱属从情天孽海而来。大凡古今女子,那‘淫’字固不可犯,只这‘情’字,也是沾染不得的!但凡情思缠绵,那结局就不可问了!”雨村听到这里,不觉拈须长叹。因又问道:“请向仙翁:那荣宁两府,尚可如前否?”士隐道:“福善祸淫,古今定理。”雨村还要问自己的终身,士隐便道:“老先生草庵暂歇。我还有一段俗缘未了,正当今日完结。”说着,拂袖而起。雨村心里恍恍惚惚,就在这急流津觉迷渡口草庵中睡着了。


yucunwaspardonedunderhegeneralamnesy,buorderedbackohisnaivepceandreducedohesausofacommonciizenhavingsenhisfamilyhomefirs,hewasmakinghiswayherewihabaggagecarandapagewhen,byhefordofawakeninginhesreamofrapidreversal,hesawaaoispriesemergefromahachedshedogreehimrecognizinghisoldfriendzhenshiyin,hepromplyreurnedhegreeing“howamazinghaweshouldmeeagainoday!”saidshiyin“myhumbleempleisnofarfromherewouldyoucareocomeforacha?”yucunagreedwillinglyaskedhowhehadcomeorenounceheworld,shiyinsaidwihasmile,“i’seasilydone,wihhespeedofhough”yucunwasmysifiedandaskedagain,“herearemanydiesinourhumblecn;howisihaaparfromheimperialconsorallheoherscameosuchundisinguishedends?”“allnoblediescomefromherealmofloveandreribuion”expinedshiyin“fromimeimmemorial,carnaldesirehasbeenheircardinalsin,andheymusnoevenimmersehemselvesinloveanyoneensnaredbylovecancomeonogoodend!”yucunabsenlysrokedhisbeardandsighedhevenuredagain“willherongandningmansionsberesoredoheirformerprosperiy?”“i’sanimmuablewhahegoodarefavouredbyforunewhilehedissoluemeewihcamiy”shiyinforesalledfurherquesionsabouyucun’sownfuurebyuryinghimohavearesinhisemple“isillhavesomeworldlyaffairsoseleandmusaendohemoday,”heexpined


wihaflickofhissleeveheroseyucun,lefdazed,fellasleepinhishachedemplebyhefordofawakeninginhesreamofrapidreversal


15 复习讨论题


15 quesionsforrevisionanddiscussion


(1)曹雪芹为什么要写《红楼梦》?他是如何写《红楼梦》的?


(1)whydidcaoxueqinwrieadreamofredmansions?howdidhewrieadreamofredmansions?


(2)曹雪芹写作《红楼梦》时中使用了哪些主要的写作技巧?他是如何运用对比手法的?


(2)whamainwriingechniqueshascaoxueqinmadeuseofinwriingadreamofredmansions?howhashemadeuseofasrikingconras?


(3)你对曹雪芹的人生有什么感悟?你打算如何度过自己的人生?(或:论曹雪芹的人生)(3)whadoyouhinkofcaoxueqin’slife?howareyougoingospendyourlife?(or:oncaoxueqin’slife)(4)《红楼梦》的艺术成就表现在哪些方面?什么确定了《红楼梦》是人类文化财富宝库中的一颗真正的宝玉?(或:《红楼梦》的艺术成就探讨。)(4)whaarisicachievemensaredispyedinadreamofredmansions?whahaveesablishedhenoveladreamofredmansionsasaruejewelinhesoreofmankind’sculuralwealh?


(or:sudiesonhearisicachievemensofadreamofredmansions)(5)你认为贾母的人生如何?为什么她能福寿双全?


(5)howdoyouhinkofhedydowager’slife?whycouldsheenjoybohfeliciyandlongeviy?


(6)你认为贾政的人生如何?为什么他一生过得平安和平庸?


(6)howdoyouhinkofjiazheng’slife?whycouldhehavealifeofpeaceandmediocriy?


(7)你对贾宝玉的人生有何感悟?你从他的人生中吸取到哪些经验?哪些教训?为什么贾宝玉对科举没兴趣?科举制度与现行的高考制度有什么区别?你认为应如何改革现行的考试制度?


(7)whadoyouhinkofjiabaoyu’slife?whaexperienceswillyouuseforreference?whalessonswillyoudrawfromhislife?whywasjiabaoyunoineresedinheimperialexaminaions?


whadifferencesareherebeweenheimperialexaminaionsysemandhepresencollegeenranceexaminaionsysem?howdoyouhinkhepresenexaminaionsysemshouldbereformed?


(8)既然黛玉与宝玉的爱情是建立在两情相悦、两心相知的基础之上的自由纯洁的爱情,不讲门第,不计利害,为什么终竟变成了令人心碎的悲剧?黛玉有些什么性格特点?你对黛玉的人生有何感悟?(或:黛玉与宝玉的爱情探讨。)


(8)sincehelovebeweendaiyuandbaoyuisbasedonheirmuualloveandundersandingandisafreeandpurelovewihouanyconcernforfamilysausandineress,whyisifinallyurnedinoahearbreakingragedy?whaaredaiyu’scharacerisics?whadoyouhinkofdaiyu’slife?(or:adiscussiononhelovebeweendaiyuandbaoyu)


(9)宝钗的性格特点是什么?宝钗和黛玉,你更喜欢哪一个?为什么?


(9)whaarebaochai’scharacerisics?baochaianddaiyu,whomdoyouprefer?why?


(10)湘云的天性是什么?湘云和黛玉都是孤儿,她们的人生态度和性格特点有些什么不同?湘云、宝钗、黛玉,你最喜欢哪一个?为什么?


(10)wha’sxiangyun’snaure?bohxiangyunanddaiyuareorphans,whaarehedifferencesbeweenheiraiudesowardsheirlivesandheircharacerisics?xiangyun,baochaianddaiyu,whomdoyoulikebes?why?


(11)妙玉的性格特点是什么?为什么她会走火入魔?妙玉与宝玉、黛玉,名中都有“玉”字,他们间有无共同的其他东西?如果有,那是什么?


(11)whaaremiaoyu’scharacerisics?whydoevilhoughscrosshermindandkindleahohumour?hereishesamechinesecharacer“yu”inhenamesofmiaoyu,baoyuanddaiyu,isn’hereanyhingelseincommonamonghem?ifhereis,whaisi?


(12)妙玉、黛玉和湘云都是孤儿,却有不同的人生,为什么?


(12)miaoyu,daiyuandxiangyunareallorphansbuheyhavedifferenliveswhy?


(13)你认为王熙凤的人生如何?她向我们提了些什么经验教训值得注意?(或:漫谈王熙凤的人生。)


(13)howdoyouhinkofwangxifeng’slife?whaexperiencesandlessonsmaysheaffordusworhyofouraenion?(or:somehoughsonwangxifeng’slife)


(14)你认为李纨的人生如何?李纨与王熙凤的性格特征间有些什么鲜明的对照?


(14)howdoyouhinkofliwan’slife?whasrikingconrassareherebeweenliwan’sandwangxifeng’scharacerisics?


(15)你对秦可卿的人生有何感悟?贾元春的呢?出身比教养更重要吗?为什么?(或:浅析秦可卿的人生;对贾元春人生的反思。)


(15)whadoyouhinkofqinkeqing’slife?whaaboujiayuanchun’s?isone’sbirhmoreimporanhanone’sbreeding?why?(or:ananalysisofqinkeqing’slife,reflecionsonjiayuanchun’slife)


(16)迎春的性格特点是什么?她为什么那么年轻就死了?为什么说孙绍祖是个中山狼?从迎春的人生中你能得到什么教训?


(16)whaareyingchun’scharacerisics?whydidshediesoyoung?whyisisaidhasunshaozuisamounainwolf?whalessonscanyougefromyingchun’slife?


(17)你喜欢焦大吗?为什么?为什么他的忠心终成悲剧?


(17)doyoulikejiaoda?why?whyhashisloyalyfinallyurnedinoaragedy?


(18)你对薛蟠的人生如何看?你认为如何使一个家(或国家)昌盛?(或:论持续发展。)


(18)howdoyouhinkofxuepan’slife?howdoyouhinkomakeafamily(oracounry)prosperous?(or:onsusainabledevelopmen)


(19)为什么说香菱是“金陵十二钗副册”中最为薄命的,也是大观园女子中受压迫、受欺凌、受侮辱的代表?你认为香菱的人生如何?你向香菱学点什么?


(19)whyisisaidhaxianglingishemosunforunaegirlofhesecondregiserofwelvebeauiesofjinlingandalsoherepresenaiveofhosegirlsandmaidswhoareoppressed,bulliedandhumiliaedinhegrandviewgarden?howdoyouhinkofxiangling’slife?whawouldyoulikeolearnfromxiangling?


(20)你喜欢刘姥姥吗?为什么?刘姥姥的性格特点是什么?为什么她90多岁还去拜访贾府?(或:对刘姥姥的人生之我见。)(20)doyoulikegra


yliu?why?whaaregra


yliu’scharacerisics?whydoesshevisihejiamansionswhenshe’soverniy?(or:randomhoughsongra


yliu’slife)


(21)巧姐如何逃脱险遭被骗卖的?你对巧姐的婚姻怎么看?你对在农村生活和工作怎么看?


(21)howcanqiaojienarrowlyescapebeingcheaedandsold?howdoyouhinkofqiaojie’smarriage?howdoyouhinkoflivingandworkinginhecounryside?


(22)你从甄士隐的人生中有何感悟?贾雨村的呢?你更喜欢哪一个的人生?为什么?


(22)whadoyouhinkofzhenshiyin’slife?whaaboujiayucun’s?whoselifedoyouprefer?why?


(23)你愿意出身在什么家庭?为什么?


(23)whafamilydoyoupreferbeingbornof?why?